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GCHQ Challenge (June 2004)

Can you find the hidden six-letter word?

Below are, in chronological order, six extracts from written works, both fiction and non-fiction, with a bearing on cryptography or intelligence. Five of these are taken from the beginning of the work in question, and one is from the beginning of a chapter.

You will need to decode all six extracts and identify the works. Once you have all the answers, you need to find the hidden six-letter word.

1 PCS YDHWJP IWT HDC DU CJC HTCI ILD BTC HTRGTIAN UGDB HWXIIXB PH HEXTH, HPNXCV, "VD, KXTL IWT APCS, THETRXPAAN YTGXRWD."
2 BUCZ ZSULP UNF H DFCQLUDQSE UC HCQHBUDZ XHQT U BL. XHAAHUB ASNLUCE. TS XUP FI UC UCDHSCQ TVNVSCFQ IUBHAZ, UCE TUE FCDS RSSC XSUAQTZ; RVQ U PSLHSP FI BHPIFLQVCSP TUE LSEVDSE THB QF XUCQ.
3 TDSARK TZC MRRB KRZNRC ODJ KDAR TDPJK HB KHSRBYR UHNT THK SDBF, NTHB MZYE YPJQRC DQRJ Z YTRAHYZS QRKKRS HB UTHYT TR UZK MJRUHBF Z GZJNHYPSZJSW AZSDCDJDPK GJDCPYN.
4 PIR ZCRKLEZD IZDORO BRZCZN ZDFPIRK EQH FS EFSSRR ZDO NZLO, "UIW OFD'P WFQ MF GZEA ZDO NBRRH? UR EZD KLDM WFQ LS IR NIFUN QH."
5 LG LZR RJ FLNB KPJVCQCJG LIJUR RSB QBZPBR CGRBDDCHBGZB QBPVCZB LGA RSB HJVBPGFBGR ZJFFUGCZLRCJGQ SBLAMULPRBPQ, CGZDUACGH KPJVCQCJG TJP RSB CQQUB JT WLPPLGRQ LGA LURSJPCQLRCJGQ.
6 QP ZIC NQXPJPG QD UCBPCYBET, 15 QAZQSCX 1586, WFCCP NEXT CPZCXCB ZIC AXQUBCB AQFXZXQQN EZ DQZICXJPGIET AEYZMC.

Answers

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 Did you know?
GCHQ mathematicians invented the public key 'padlock' cryptography which was later used to make transactions on the Internet secure.